计划书英文范文 篇1
精编资料
商业计划书模板---英文版BUSINESS PLAN TEMPLATEBUSINESS PLAN[My Company]123 Main
StreetAnytown, USA 10000123-4567[Your Name][DATE]TABLE OF CONTENTS...
商业计划书
商业计划书模板---英文版
BUSINESS PLAN TEMPLATE
BUSINESS PLAN
[My Company]
123 Main Street
Anytown, USA 10000
123-4567
1
[Your Name]
[DATE]
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 1
Management ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
[Company] History ............................................................................................................................................. 5
[Product/Service] Description ............................................................................................................................ 7
Objectives.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Competitors ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Competitive Advantages ................................................................................................................................. 11
Innovation ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
Pricing ............................................................................................................................................................. 14
Specific Markets .............................................................................................................................................. 15
Growth Strategy .............................................................................................................................................. 16
Market Size and Share .................................................................................................................................... 17
Targeting New Markets ................................................................................................................................... 18
Location ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
Manufacturing Plan ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Research & Development ............................................................................................................................... 21
Historical Financial Data ................................................................................................................................. 22
Proforma Financial Data ................................................................................................................................. 23
Proforma Balance Sheet ................................................................................................................................. 26
Cost Control .................................................................................................................................................... 27
Effects of Loan or Investment ......................................................................................................................... 28
Attachments .................................................................................................................................................... 29
3
Executive Summary [My Company] was formed as a [proprietorship, partnership, corporation] in [Month, Year] in [City, State], by [John Doe] in response to the following market conditions:
[Startup, growth] opportunities exist in [Product/Service].
The need for use of efficient distribution and financial methods in these overlooked markets.
[I/We] have several customers who are willing to place large [orders,contracts] within the next three months.
Several other prospective [customers/clients] have expressed serious interest in doing business within six months. [I/We] previously owned a company that was active in the widget markets. Over the past few years I spent much time studying ways to improve overall performance and increase profits. This plan is a result of that study. The basic components of this plan are:
1. Competitive pricing
2. Expand the markets
3. Increased advertising
4. Lower our unit costs,
5. Thereby achieving higher profits.
1. Sign contracts
2. Increased advertising 3. Increase office staff
To this end, [I/we] need investment from private individuals and/or companies. A total of $ is
being raised which will be used to finance working capital, plant and equipment. The company will be incorporated and common stock issued to investors. The company will be run as a [proprietorship, partnership, corporation].
Financial Goals Sales Net Income Earnings per
share
Year 1 $25,000 .01 Year 2 $250,000 .12 Year 3 $375,000 .14
1
Management
[Name] [Title][Experience]Sales growth from zero to $1,000,000 in five years.Led market in market share - 30%.
Formulated advertising budgets & campaigns.
Pioneered new distribution channels. Established national sales force.
Established national repair & service centers.
Brought new and innovative products to the market.
Designed point-of-purchase materials.
[Education}
University of Boston
Boston, MA
B.A. - Computer Sciences
President
John Q. Doe, Chief Executive Officer, and Director since February 1988 and President since January 1990. Mr. Doe was the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the original operating company known as Random Excess, Inc. He has had experience in the widget field with his own firm, John Doe Co., of Oshkosh (Wisconsin), from 1980 to 1987. This firm was sold to FatCat Widgets, Inc. in 1987. Mr.2
计划书英文范文 篇2
二十一世纪是一个科学文化快速发展、国际交流不断增强的时代，而英语作为国际通用的语言，其地位就愈加重要。为了使大学生们在学好中国语言文化的同时加强对外国语言文化的了解，在多方位的比较中加深对人类文化的理解，增强人文素养，提高综合素质，浓厚校园文化氛围，提升同学们学习英语的热情和兴趣，校学生会女生工作部和留学工作部特此策划合办英文征文大赛。
一·活动宗旨：
征文活动将本着为同学服务，为校园服务，为文学服务的宗旨。将我们的情感与才能通过我们自己的文笔展现在众人面前，
二·活动主题：
1针对中西方文化的不同，谈谈你的看法
2针对神舟七号的升空，谈谈你的感想
三·活动目的：
展示英语才能，传播青春时尚
四·活动内容：
本次征文活动，能够丰富校园文化生活，营造校园英语学习氛围，为校园原创作品提供一个展现的舞台，让我们的才能有一个挥洒的空间，让一股清新的文学风弥漫在我们的菁菁校园。因此，本次活动现面向全校同学征集稿件，为同
学们提供一个表达自我，展现自我的舞台。
五·活动安排：
1 活动宣传：
由女工部与留学部拟定关于活动时间地点及参与方式的通知，交 由宣传部制作宣传海报，在全校范围内张贴宣传。
2 活动时间:
(1）稿件征集日期：10月21日至11月5日
（2）结果公布日期：11月10日
3 交稿地点：
校学生会女工部及留学部办公室
4 活动形式：
本次活动将在全校举办，以保证我们参加本次大赛稿件的广泛性。后请参赛选手按照规定的截稿日期将稿件交给女工部或留学部办公室。
5 活动要求：
1本次活动本着公平公正的原则进行。
2投稿文章主题可从活动主题中任选一个，题材不限。
3投稿文章内容积极向上，必须为原创作品，不得抄袭、套改。
4稿件请注明作者的真实姓名及详细的联系方式。
六·奖项设置：
一等奖 3名 荣誉证书
二等奖 5名 荣誉证书
三等奖10名 荣誉证书
优秀奖20名 荣誉证书
七·评比方法：
1将所交稿件由两部合作进行初审，审核的主要目的是参赛者所提交作品的真实性和可读性。
2最后由学校教师统一评判，筛选出最终的优秀作品。
八·结果公布：
将以海报形式在全校范围内公布获奖名单及获奖作品。
校学生会女工部
xx年10月19日
计划书英文范文 篇3
In applying for a student visa and in the process, often will be asked to write a study plan ( study plan ), many foreign friends often not clear study plan and personal statement ( personal statement ) difference and style of writing, the author has long been engaged in student writing, due to the combination of their own experience, introduce the learning program the writing of the book.
Generally the study plan can be submitted to fall into two categories, both to the embassy for visa, or apply for admission to the school is by the. To apply for school programs from the essence and the personal statement is the same type of instruments, about the school application category learning plan can refer to a personal statement of the article, this article mainly introduces the submission of the embassy visa with a study plan.
Europe and the United States, especially immigrants from countries, such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada and other countries for international student visa time are often asked to provide learning plan, learning through plan to convince the visa officer to know your background, choose to study professional motivational conditions, select the country for foreign students, and a clear future study schedule, occupation purpose and reason, audits of your other materials to decide whether to send you the visa studying abroad, so learning plan is a key document.
In general, the learning plan needs to include the following contents:
1si-mp-le descriptions of their learning experience, professional background and working experience;
2 descriptions of their further study motives and why to choose the country, the University and the professional;
3 detailed study schedule;
4 introduction of foreign funds required and sources;
5for future occupation goal elaboration, returned to reason.
Study plan on the style and structure of the article and the personal statement is very different, do not need too much personal and emotional description, but should be clear and si-mp-le structure, tight logic, the facts clearly related arguments were strong, credible, returning reason to be very full, and absolutely not and the applicant's other material contradiction. On the study plan in document writing, can and other sites to get help.
As a result of the embassy staff every day to deal with a large number of documents, so learning plan must not write too long, generally should not exceed 800 words, and a preferably only one paragraph, paragraph before adding titles, such as My Choice of University of Toronto in Canada, My career objective, in order to the embassy staff to you a content of the central idea of stick out a mile. Your pa-pe-r should be very legible, cannot let the embassy staff from your text" mining" you" potential" content.
Study plan is the emphasis of future occupation plan and returned to reason, through this part of the embassy to tell you to go to the country after the students, are able to your occupation development good help, and there is a credible argument for returned. Although the requirement study plan country often is a country of immigrants, but as a result of your visa application for study, so the study plan must eliminate any of your immigration tendency. Reasons for returning to be with your personal background and family circumstances give a reasonable explanation, has many years of experience as a businemanager to obtain New Zealand master's of BusineAdministration program admission, then clarifies his occupation goal is to return to China to become a Multi-National Corporation of high level managers, and he in China for many years of accumulated customer resources and social ring is a very valuable asset, this is very tough and reasonable a reason. Of particular note is, study plan concerning the reasons for returning to the place of facts, not arbitrarily invent, at work, in this pa-pe-r the authors encountered by customers due to。
计划书英文范文 篇4
In order to make the food and beverage business more successful, develop a detailed food and beverage business plan is very necessary. How to develop the catering business plan according to the actual situation? Here is a Japanese Hand-Pulled Noodle shop business plan, for reference.
The restaurant name: Hand-Pulled Noodle Master house
Location: Keelung city love three road near the McDonald's
Business philosophy: mainly to Japanese cuisine, to allow customers to enjoy the delicious Japanese Hand-Pulled Noodle, giving customers a comfortable dining environment, and there is little Keelung Hand-Pulled Noodle shop, if the customer would have been good soup home.
Subject and object: in the vicinity of the office workers and students.
Once customers: Keelung temple tourists.
Main competition: Keelung Temple of the mouth of the food stalls and near the restaurant.
Competition: near the fast food industry and 7-11.
Market analysis:
The 1 is near the temple snacks and fast food restaurants, we have to respond to M type society, so to civilian price to attract consumers to meet the various consumer groups.
2 in the vicinity of 50 meters there is a parking lot, very convenient, to solve the problem of consumer parking.
3 although Japanese cuisine in general are quite expensive, we will try to launch packages, complimentary drinks and dishes, the price would be around 150~200.
Expenditure and net profit:
Shop cost: NT $12 million (the same below)
One month store rent: 100 thousand
Table number: 18 tables (sitting over 72 people) a person spending to 200 yuan, 2 times a day, one day turnover: 28800 yuan, a total turnover of 864000 yuan
Employee salary:
Field salary: 19000 yuan (a month), the number of 5, 95000 yuan a month
The 24000 yuan (a month), the number of 3, 72000 yuan a month
The work hour: 100 yuan, the number of 2, 8 hours a day only on holiday, 8 days a month to 12800 yuan
Total amount: 179800 yuan
Water and electricity gas:
Electricity bill: 80000 yuan a month 40000 yuan
Gas: VAT 800 yuan once called 4 barrels, 3 times per month, 9600 yuan a month
Total amount: 49600 yuan
Food ingredients:
Face: 2500 yuan a day, 75000 yuan a month
Dish money: 20xx yuan a day, 60000 yuan a month
Meat: 5500 yuan (two days), a month 82500 yuan
Miscellaneous: 1000 yuan (one day), 30000 yuan a month
Seafood: 3500 (one day), 105000 yuan a month
Total amount: 352500 yuan
Drinks:
Lemon 80 kg 15 yuan, 1 kg per month, 1200 yuan a month
Black tea a bag of 120 yuan, 30 bags per month, 3600 yuan a month
Milk 1 bottles 125, 15 bottles per month, 1875 yuan a month
Total amount: 6675 yuan
Net profit: Day: 15656 yuan: Zhou: 109592 yuan: month: 438368 yuan: year: 5260416 yuan
According to the current estimate of about two and a half can be returned to
计划书英文范文 篇5
Catering business plan
一、创业经营宗旨和理念One, entrepreneurship, purpose and philosophy 明月西餐厅的经营宗旨为：“著意求新，以客为尊”，经营理念为“极意营造幽雅、舒适、休闲之气氛，融汇西方餐馆美食”。Moon restaurant business purpose as: "deliberately Innovation, customer-oriented" business philosophy is "intended to create a very elegant, comfortable, leisure atmosphere, integrate Western restaurant cuisine."
二、市场定位Second, market positioning
1. 选址方面：明月西餐厅位于学院的美食街内，与连串的快餐店连在一起，但都作为美食街唯一的西餐厅 . 与其它快餐店所不同的是有更好的就餐环境和更优质的服务。 1 Location: the moon restaurant is located within the School Food Street, with a series of fast food together, but are as the only restaurant food court with other fast food restaurants the difference is that there is a better dining environment and better quality of service.
2. 格调方面：明月西餐厅为温馨浪漫的风格，为顾客提供优质的服务，给顾客贵族式的享受，力求营造一种幽雅、舒适、休闲的消费环境，引导消费者转变消费观念，向崇尚自然、追求健康方面转变。 2 category:the moon restaurant is warm and romantic style, to provide customers with quality service, giving customers
aristocratic enjoyment, and strive to create an elegant, comfortable and relaxing
environment for consumption, and guide consumers to change consumer attitudes, to advocate Naturally, the pursuit of health changes.
3. 校园市场环境方面：校园经济的市场有很广的发展领域，消费者也是很单纯的消费，相对外部市场竞争要小，个体经营单纯，以小投资为主，服务于在校大学生。 3 campus market environment: Campus has a very broad market economy development areas, consumer spending is also very simple, relatively external market competition to small, self-employed simply to small investment-based, service to the college students.服务于学生，应该提供最优质的服务，首先，要吸引学生的注意目光，让他们能在最短的时间来光顾本店，所运用的营销方法是多种途径的；其次，是怎样达到以下营销效果Serving the students, should provide the best quality service, first of all, to attract the attention of students eyes, so that they can in the shortest possible time to shop, and by the use of marketing methods are a variety of ways; secondly, how to achieve the following marketing effectiveness
潜在客户Potential customers
现实客户Real customers
满意客户Satisfied customers
美誉度Reputation
所运用的营销方法也是多种多样的。By the use of marketing methods are varied.
4.SWTO 分析 4.SWTO analysis
学院现有一万三千几个师生，调查资料表明他们多消费用于饮食方面占了 54.7% ，正因如此，饮食也是在学校创业首选之路。Several existing thirteen thousand college students, the survey data show that more than they consume diet accounted for 54.7 per cent,which is why diet is also the preferred way
entrepreneurship in schools.消费对象比例图如下：Object of consumption ratio is as follows:
同时在校院里经营西餐厅的 SWTO 分析图如下：While in the school yard run restaurant in SWTO analysis is as follows:
S ：美食街附近是男生宿舍最聚中的地方，偶尔去美食街的人占了全师生S: Food Street near the dorm together in most places, and occasionally go to the food court of the people accounted for the entire student
W ：大多数学生都习惯了到快餐和学校所设的饭堂就餐，对于西餐厅来说不那么的习惯，但资料表明对西餐厅有兴趣尝试的占了W: most students are accustomed to fast food and school canteen dining set, it is not so for the restaurant
habit, but the data show that the western restaurant are interested in trying to account for
O ：现时有 40.2% 师生觉得现在学校最缺的服务是就餐环境，而适合明月西餐厅设计是幽雅、舒适、休闲的消费环境，这可表明了，明月西餐厅开业后会有更受欢迎的可能性。O: At present, 40.2% students feel that the school is sorely lacking service dining environment, and suitable moon design is elegant restaurant, comfortable and relaxing environment for consumption, which may indicate that the moon, the West will be more popular after the restaurant opened possibilities.
T ：美食街有众多快餐店和学校内有五间饭堂T: Food Street, there are many fast food restaurants and school canteens within five
三.III.管理理念Management philosophy
1. 尊重餐饮业人员的独立人格1.Respect catering staff independent
personality
2 互相监督：管理层监督员工的工作，同时员工也可以向上级提出自己的`意见或见解 2 mutual supervision: management oversight staff, while employees can submit their views to their superiors or opinion
3 营造集体氛围：既要上下属感受到西餐厅纪律的严明，也要关怀员工，让员工感受到来自集体的温暖，有利于加强凝聚力，提高工作积极性 3 to create a
collective atmosphere: both to subordinates feel restaurant on strict discipline, but also caring staff, so that employees feel the warmth from the collective, is conducive to strengthening cohesion, improve work motivation
4. 公平对待，一视同仁，各尽所能，发挥才干 4 treated fairly, equally, whatever, ability to play
四.Four.产品介绍Products
以西式扒类为主，结合快餐、中西炖汤、中西式局饭、皇牌主食套餐，小食天地、美颜甜品、水吧饮料等来满足消费者的需求：Western-style steak, combined with fast food, Chinese and Western stew, rice and Western Bureau, Ace staple food packages, snacks world, beauty dessert, bar drinks, etc. to meet consumer needs:
1. 推出皇牌主食套餐，经济实惠，例如：泰汁鸡扒印尼炒饭套餐、青咖喱猪颈肉扒伴意粉套餐、鳗鱼泰汁鸡扒局饭套餐等，各套餐还配有（粟米忌廉汤、油菜、热奶茶或冻柠乐），最适合校园情侣品味。 1 Release Ace staple packages, affordable, such as: Thai Sauce Chicken Indonesian fried rice packages, Green Curry Grilled pork neck with Spaghetti packages, eel sauce Thai Chicken Rice Set bureau, etc. Each package comes with (corn bogey Lian Tang, rape, hot tea or iced lemon music), the most suitable campus couple taste.
计划书英文范文 篇6
英语商业计划书（Business Plan）
第一讲：概述
第二讲：现状分析
第三讲：目标确定
第四讲：组织结构
第五讲：产品分析
第六讲：市场分析
第七讲：市场策略
第八讲：生产分析
第九讲：财务分析
第十讲：附件
第一讲：概述(executive summary)
概述是整个商业计划的第一部分，相当于整个商业计划的浓缩，使整个商业计划的精华所在。一般将概述放在最后书写，页数应控制在2页以内。
概述应包括的基本内容有：
企业的宗旨，例如：
In 20xx, ABC Corporation was created to...
Now, ABC Corporation is at a point where…
背景介绍，例如：
For many years people have…
The condition of the industry today is such that…
产品或服务及市场竞争情况，例如：
We have just completed the development of S30 – a novel
and proprietary construction tool
Compared to competitive products, our s30 can…
企业目标，例如：
Our objective, at this time, is to propel the company into a
prominent market position. We feel that within 5 years ABC
Corporation will be in a suitable condition for further
expansion, an initial public offering or profitable acquisition.
To accomplish this goal we…
管理团队和管理组织，例如
Our management team consists of 5 men and women
Whose backgrounds consist of 10 years of marketing with…
市场策略，例如：
The fundamental thrust of our marketing strategy
consists of…
财务状况和计划，例如：
In 5 years we will have… and our investors will be
able to…
结论，例如：
ABC Corporation enjoys an established track-record of
excellent support for our customers. Their expressions of
satisfaction and encouragement are numerous, and we
intend to continue our advances in the…
第二讲：现状分析(present situation)
这部分尽可能简明扼要而又全面地介绍公司的情况，以及公司所在行业的信息。
市场环境，例如：
The marketplace has been stagnant for 2 years. We are
poised now to…
产品或服务，例如：
The present stage of S30 is in the design stage.
产品生命周期，例如：
Our current product line is…
价格和利润，例如：
Current prices are… and profits are…
客户，例如：
Current customers are using our… for…
销售渠道，例如：
We have service centers, retailers, manufacturer’s
representatives…
管理团队情况，例如：
Most of our management is in place, however, we require a
production manager to complete our team.
财务状况，例如：
Current cash available is….
第三讲：目标确定(objectives)
企业目标是企业使命和指导方针的具体化和数量化，它反应企业在一定时期内经营活动的方向和所要达到的水平。企业目标的实现时间较长，一般为三到五年或者更长时间。好的企业目标具有总体性、与外部环境联系密切、有很大的激励作用、切实可行等特点。
企业的基本目标，例如：
The primary objectives of our organization are to:
A
B
C
投资收益率(ROI)，例如：
Based on a % market share for our product by
20xx, we estimate our return on investment to be %.
财务目标，例如：
Last Year This Year Next Year
Sales
$ Volume
Unit Volume
% Increase/Decrease
Share of Market
Gross Profit
Manufacturing
Fully Burdened
Marketing Expenses
Advertising
Sales Promotion
Trade Allowances
Other
欲计将来增长、改进的目标，例如：
Other objectives we have set for ourselves include .
We expect to replace (competitive/existing products or
services) by % by 20xx.
We plan to add (retailers, distributors, service centers)
per month/year and we will have a total of (retailers,
distributors) by 20xx.
第四讲：组织结构(management)
投资者考察企业时，管理是最为重要的因素。没有一支优秀的管理团队和有效的组织模式，科技成果不可能和资本很好结合创造现实的生产力。一般需要介绍的管理人员有：总裁、常务副总裁、人事部总监、营销副总裁、财务副总裁、生产部总监。对每一位关键人员用文章一个段落的篇幅进行描述就可以。介绍组织结构时要注意以下问题：
1.主要管理人员和专业人员的发展路径是怎样的？他们具有哪些技能？
2.公司未来的组织机构是怎样的？
3.谁将成为部门领导者？
4.在哪些领域的管理应该加强？
5.报酬机制如何？
团队结构介绍，例如：
Of the people who make up the development staff,
there are founders who hold the following positions:
, President
, Vice President of Finance
, Vice President of Marketing
, Vice President of Sales
, Vice President of Engineering
, Vice President of Research
, Vice President of Operations
, Director of Marketing
, Manager Development
, Corporate Attorney
管理人员描述，例如：
, President
Degree, University of
’s professional experience includes many different
areas in the industry.
人力资源需求，例如：
(Company) development team recognizes that additional
staff is required to properly support marketing, sales,
research, and support functions.
第五讲：产品分析(the product/service)
产品介绍应包括以下内容：
1.产品名称
2.性能及特性
3.产品所处的生命周期
4.产品的市场竞争力
5.产品的.研究和开发过程
6.发展新产品的计划和成本分析
7.产品的市场前景预测
8.产品的品牌和专利
此外，还要从顾客和投资者角度出发回答下面的问题：
1.顾客希望企业的产品能解决什么问题，顾客能从企业的产品中获得什么好处？
2.企业的产品与竞争对手的产品相比有哪些优缺点，顾客为什么会选择本企业的产品？
3.为什么用户会大批量地购买企业的产品？
4.本公司能提供哪些购买便利？
5.企业为自己的产品采取了何种保护措施，企业拥有哪些专利、许可证，或与已申请专利的厂
家达成了哪些协议？
6.为什么企业的产品定价使企业产生足够的利润？
介绍产品，例如：
This capability for is a unique feature enjoyed by
(Company) and our customers.
专利保护，例如：
Our product(s) is protected under the following:
产品价格优势，例如：
Regarding cost savings (product/service) will save our
customers money in terms of .
产品测试，例如：
Completed tests have shown that (results).
产品特性描述，例如：
is another powerful feature. This includes .
saves a tremendous amount of time when .
第六讲：市场分析(market analysis)
这部分内容包括行业分析、市场分析和竞争分析。行业分析包括企业所在行业概述、对行业发展方向的预测、对驱动因素的分析。市场分析的核心内容是在市场细分的基础上确定目标市场。要让投资者了解市场的规模有足够大的赢利空间和发展空间；知道市场有良好的发展前景，即所确定的目标市场在未来将会长生不衰。竞争分析中要对全部竞争产品及竞争厂家作出描述与分析。尤其要分析这些竞争对手所占有的市场份额、年销量与销售收入，以及他们的财务实力。此外还要对自己产品所具有的优势作分析，对未来市场变化趋势作预测。
介绍目标顾客购买的原因，例如：
It is easy to understand why the principal buying motives
are because .
计划书英文范文 篇7
A Business Plan of Promoting MOOCs among Chinese High School
Students----
Advancing the links between Chinese college and high school education
___________________________________________________________________________________
1. Introduction
China still uses the most traditional educational systems[2]. The Chinese Ever since MIT and Havard employed government is now slowly supporting the MOOC(Massive Online Open Courses), it use of MOOC as it gradually become is leading the revolutionary changes of market-oriented and globalized. We believe traditional education systems[1]. MOOC MOOC's innovatives ideas will bring a has been accepted by many prestigious trend to the future forms of education[3]. institutions of higher education. However,
developing countries such as India and Most people believe that the quality of
educational systems are proportional to its Only 23% of people from age 18-22 have price. But nowadays, as more and more graduated from university in 20xx[4]. university implement MOOC and its Therefore, a change is needed, and MOOC policies of sharing informations, better comes right in place.
education can be accessed cheaper and
easier.
-Because MOOC is online based, it is in fact a new market, indicating huge The world is become more interconnected potentials such as pricing on premium with internet and other forms of courses, advertisements, paying to ask communication tools each day, therefore, professionals online, and etc. If online courses such as MOOC will most implemented, the price for coruses could likely be implemented by more and more be very low to attract a large amount of institutions. It is possible that one day students in China.
many Chinese institude will also use its
ideas. Since MOOC is becoming and seen -Teachers are a waste on human resources as such an important system of education because teachers have to cover the same for the future, we will discuss its use in materials each year for new students. With Chinese universities, high schools, and the implementation of MOOC, it is most colleges, and others values such as its likely that the number of teachers could be market potential, influence, availability, greatly
and feasibility in this paper.
Potential
reduced. Therefore, schools' expenditure could be reduced. Students will also have more free time because they constricted area, for example, listening to a lecture in the metro. 1.2 Use of MOOC and its Market can listen to courses and lectures in a less
The cost for premium or high-level
education in China is lavish, and is not -
accessible for people in the lower class.
Preliminary cooperation among Chinese autonomy,
firstly ensure the authority diversity, openness, and Top Universities and Coursera would interactivity allow an instructor to assume and the role of facilitator with learners actively practicability of the course resourses. Also, interacting with other students. “Most the three self-admission alies among significantly, MOOCs build on the Chinese Top Universities is, to some extent, engagement of learners who self-organize the tacity approval of the current mode in their participation according to learning which universities perform mutual goals, prior knowledge and skills, and cooperation.
It has make it easier to build common interests” Therefore, active China’s MOOC system. Although the engagement and interaction are key development of China's Internet is MOOC instructional methods[5]. MOOC's gradually becoming the forefront of the use of the makes its accessibility is much world, China still lacks technological higher than of traditional educations and innovation in its online market.
The result reliable and recognized by most companies of implementation of MOOC is dependent because of fast development of IT.
There on a country's situation and condition, as a are still many unrecognized gaps and country with congenital national conditions, inadequates in the Chinese internet/online the great potential of MOOC in China will education market.
likely create the world's leading MOOC
running system High School-University 1.4
link mode?
1.3
MOOC's competitiveness advantages Management and profitability forecast 1.4.1 Management and The basic management should be done by Universities, businesses, high school, government in a joint and consensus way. MOOC have considerable advantages that Business and co-operations should should are unparalleled compared to traditional be responsible for resources and funds, education.
Connectivism values schools and colleges will take MOOC into
practice,
and and the government are great market opportunities to explore, such responsible for the overall coordination as producing online courses, trustee of supervision necessary. Capital courses and the utilization of data in the
and establishment of MOOC platforms. This is requirements include making
developing of the curriculum and courses, also a important reason of our motivation marketing, maintenance, advertisement, for promoting MOOCs among Chinese and funding during the beginning of early high schools.
developments of MOOC.[6,7]
1.4.2 Profitability forecast
Entrepreneurial organization Profits will be gained once courses and study materials are published online. 2.
Partnerships with institutions, digital co-overview
operations, sponsors, and advertisements Purpose: Better education that serves the could also generate income. people
In the earlier stage, profits mainly come Name of the organization: from bonuses of the operation of MOOCs. Development Department of Chinese In the later stage, profits mainly come from MOOCs
the bonuses of ipo(initial public offerings). Goal: The promotion of MOOCs among The maturity stage of a MOOOC platform Chinese high schools and the in China should be a completed industrial
chain: technology, funding, application
and teaching resources in the front end;
companies that admit the learning
experience of MOOC learners and provide
The fact is, China has yet to fulfill the
requirements of this completed industrial
chain. Meanwhile, internet business has
advancement of the links between Chinese high school and colleges education job opportunities for them in the back end. Business strategy: Introduction of foreign experience for domestic development; applies the principle of from top to bottom and from sample to the whole; promotiong of the large-scale educational resources sharing integration of MOOC platforms and efficiently. By introducing MOOCs, diversivication of resources.
Facilities needed:
courses for high school students could be advantageously shared through the network, embodying the central idea of MOOCs, which is massive and online.
Colleges and high schools for trial
operation ( schools in the early centers of 3.1.2 -The "Long-term Education Reform MOOCs, see 4.3 Assessment of the and Development Plan (20xx-20__)" marketing ability and 5.1 Marketing mentioned the role of technology, plan); foreign and domestic pioneer technology-driven reforms, and the enterprises; education departments of importance information technology in governments.
3. Products and Services
3.1 Background of research and development
education. It also mentioned that "IT has a revolutionary impact on the development of education''[8] and was highly recognized by the educational department and plan to speed up this process as one of 10 major aim of the plan because informatization is an inevitable trend and period for the future development of
3.1.1 - Presently, the promotion of MOOCs Chinese education. has gained relatively low popularity among Chinese senior high schools due to inadequate introduction, attracting only a few numbers of students in mostly elitist high schools of more developed regions. Moreover, current courses aimed at high school students specifically fail to realize
3.1.3 -The current education reforms proposed convergence between university and high school is a breakthrough in China's education reform[9,10]. WeiHe Xie said ,''The current breakthrough in educational reforms proposed is the
convergence between university and high school. One of my basic proposals is to broaden the college and high school trend of convergence with the way of reform. A change to broaden the basis of high school is needed. Including the convergence mechanism to strengthen cooperation in universities and high schools, in order to truly produce innovative and talented students.''[11].
Promoting classes without division between liberal arts and sciences subjects is also the future direction of education reform, particularly important for reforming Chinese College Entrance cover a wide range of college majors, will play an important role in fostering high school students’ understanding about college majors as well as improving their future professional skills.
Most Chinese teachers stick to traditional teaching methods with a low level of
application of educational technology in classes; students participate in the learning process with a lack of interaction, which thinking and communication abilities.
communications as well as collaboration contribute to the broken links between these two educational institutions. Promoting dialogues and strengthening cooperation are fundamental to advance the links between them.
3.1.5-Recent practices of MOOCs credit systems In Europe,
Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) presents an opportunity to transform MOOCs – free, standalone courses – from academic novelty to meaningful qualifications. The ECTS is a standard for comparing student attainment and performance in higher education institutions across Europe. Under the
articulation mechanism, which is the basic obstructs the development of critical
the relationship between the university and 3.1.4-Inadequate and inefficient establishment of diverse and differentiated between high schools and colleges Examination. Meanwhile, MOOCs, which system, students can transfer credits for study already completed towards an appropriate equivalent degree in any of the 53 countries that have ratified the Lisbon Recognition Convention.
On the other hand, within Mainland China, the development of MOOC platforms has provided insights of forming a brand new MOOC credit system between Chinese colleges.
With the publication of Qinghua University’s MOOCs platform, “Xuetang Online”vice principal of the elitist university, professor Yuan Si concluded that realizing mutual credits recognition would no longer be unreachable.
To summarize, recent practices have revealed the significant potentials of building a strong MOOC credit system for not only Chinese colleges, but also the high schools.
3.2 Product patterns and development plans
Development plan one Abstract:
Advancing links between high school-required courses and college MOOCs by strengthening cooperation between colleges, high schools and MOOC development companies. The advancement mainly serves to provide a more suitable syllabus for high school students and thus improve the efficiency of learning. Development model:
Led by colleges and high schools, college and high schools are the main participants researching the following tasks: a. Adapting the degree of difficulty of college MOOCs to the proper level of understanding of high school students; b. Adapting typical learning methods in colleges, including independent learning ability and critical thinking ability to those of high schools’;
MOOC development companies enlarge investment in technological innovation to further address the following tasks: a. Providing more individualized and interacted learning experience of high
schools;
b. Fulfilling high school students’ needs for entertainment while maintaining the quality of courses; Development plan two Abstract:
Promoting high school students’ participation in college for-credit MOOCs and mutual recognition of credits between colleges and betwixt colleges and high schools, thus facilitates the forming of MOOC college-high school credit system. Development model: -Ensures the validity of identity authentication through:
1)Establishing proctored examination centers which organizes MOOCs final examinations at stated times every year ( one time in the first year recommended)
as between colleges and high schools through:
1) Promoting mutual recognition between existing Chinese colleges alliances (the Three Alliances for example) as the first step
2) Recommending the government to build a specified and feasible college-high school credit transfer mechanism nationally
3. Enlarges the number of target audiences by:
1) Increasing budgets in advertisement by colleges and high schools
2) Promoting mutual recognition between regions (the existing Chinese colleges alliances for example)
4. Establishing high school MOOCs learning community by:
2) Improving the technical level of identity In the light of the successful running of the
biggest MOOC learning community authentication
3) Improving the technical level of online remote proctor
2. Promotes the mutual recognition of
presently in China, the guokr learning community it is of vital to endeavor to developing “small platforms” (MOOC learning community
MOOC credits between colleges as well apart from building the “big platforms”
(MOOC platforms). It serves the goal of maximizing the benefits socialization learning.
Development mode:
Basically, colleges, high schools and MOOC development companies cooperate on the creation of high school MOOC learning community. The major task for high schools is to enlarge the participation of high school students and the one for colleges is to provide adequate academic guidance in the community. Besides, MOOC development companies are required to strengthen technological innovation and systematic maintenance in order to provide more individualized and interactive learning experiences for participants.
Online MOOC learning community 1) Creating online clustering community and increasing budgets in perfecting the automated complementary learning tools
2) Creating incentives to encourage
academic conversations between students and providing highly individualized learning experience 3) Strengthening teachers’ academic guidance for students
4) Completing the database of students’ learning experience, improving technology of data analysis to analyze the participant’s habits in learning and monitor the progress more astutely, as well as to give feedback more promptly 5) Perfecting the existing feedback system 6) Perfecting the existing teaching modes Offline MOOC learning community 1) Establish experimental learning base in high schools or colleges with reference to past experiences such as learning club or salons in order to facilitate academic dialogues offline a. Organizes MOOC learning forum for high school students, MOOC teacher seminars and MOOC developer seminars regularly both online and offline
Development plan three Abstract:
While required courses are still dominant teaching experience
in high schools’ syllabus, teachers exploits d. Summarizing the practices of applying MOOCs as a complementary tool to teach MOOCs to high schools in different certain area of knowledge (especially those closely related to certain college courses). This is aimed at developing students’ interest in learning required courses, facilitating understanding of required subjects and providing them insights of college majors.
a. Collaborating with high schools, MOOC development companies provide teachers with informizational skills training to facilitate their adaptation to more automated and internet-based educational tools
b. Recommending the government to construct the teacher advancing system and to support the advancement of teachers’ informizational skills in other forms
c. Enlarging budgets in technological development to improve information processing ability of MOOCs; conducting large-scale in-depth interviews MOOC teachers to create more convenient and individualized
regions and thus writing the guide book about application of MOOCs in high school required courses by MOOC development companies 3.3 Function of the product
This product is designed to facilitate the promotion of MOOCs among Chinese high schools and advance the links between Chinese colleges and high schools. Advancing links between high school-required courses and college MOOCs, promoting high school students’
participation in college for-credit MOOCs and enlarging the application of MOOCs in high school required courses altogether will exert significant influences on advancing the links between Chinese high school and colleges. To be more specific, the functions of this product is shown as follows: a. Basic functions
1) Fulfils high school students’ huge demand for more diverse classes
2) Complements the current educational resources
3) Promotes the development of communicational skills and critical thinking ability of students through feedback.
4) Bolsters communication between different educational institutions and promotes the sharing of educational resources nationwide b. Additional function
c. Fosters understanding of required courses
d. Facilitates high school students’ recognition and planning of college majors
e. Encourages academic communication between high school students’ and between high school students’ and college students
f. Performs as the preliminary studies of constructing college-high school MOOC credit system nationwide g. Promotes the informization and modernization of education
h. Promotes the “localization” of MOOCs
4. Market Analysis Summary 4.1 Brief summary of time period i. The embryonic period: five years [13]..
ii. The period of rapid growth:
Promotes among other colleges and high schools; estimated: three years.
iii. The period of growing maturity of the mechanism:
Popularized among Chinese educational institutions and seeks for a new level of innovation and promotion.
4.2 Time period
Period one (the embryonic period)
Market objectives:
Finishes the construction of MOOCs in top universities and starts the trial operation of college-high school MOOCs credit system.
Estimated: five years
comprehensive analysis of data and prompt Targeted mainly at top colleges; estimated:
The first year:
a. Seeks cooperation with foreign and domestic outstanding universities on educational resources sharing; b. Finishes the preliminary construction of
a. Under government's approval, starts the trial operation of college-high school credit system in experimental schools and establishes student data files under the agreement of school and agencies.
independent MOOCs platform in
conjunction with the government's work; The fourth year: c. Advertises to win audience;
d. Cooperates with high schools who sees its potential;
The second year:
personnel training to pilot schools a. MOOCs are expected to be reachable in where the online courses have taken shape;
b. Starts the trial operation of studying
MOOCs as elective courses in different Period two (the period of rapid growth) classes separately; students’ academic Market objectives: performance in these courses will be
used to evaluate their academic After meeting the requirements and funds proficiency and transform into credits needed by MOOCs, its development is with
The third year:
a. Expands audience and attracts more universities and high schools for cooperation as MOOC gradually become more mature and earn greater reputation at the city level in China.
a. Provides corresponding hardware and The fifth year:
most provinces around China; promotes the integration of MOOC platforms in different areas of the country.
corresponding school-specific expected to enter a period of rapid
expansion where the number of high schools participating in MOOCs increases significantly, as the links between high
policies;
schools and colleges are gradually starts necessary redistribution of MOOC advanced. This period is also regards as the educational resources and coordinates the critical three-year development period.
development nationwide.
Period three(The period of growing
The sixth year:
With growing competition and cooperation maturity of the mechanism): between MOOCs in different regions,
Market objectives:
different radiation range takes shape and region-specific college-high school MOOC i. credit system are expected to be driving to the maturity stage.
ii.
The seventh year:
a. The gradual formation of a polycentric pattern of Chinese MOOCs platforms of different regions; different MOOC centers establishes steady partnerships with leagues of colleges and high schools;
b. Sets up supervising instituions and instituions in charge of students’ data files collaborating with the government; The eighth year:
With guidance of the government and
Presently, coursera, edX, and Udacity, forms three leagues of colleges that produce MOOCs. On the other hand,
Realizes the stage of maturility of MOOC platforms and MOOC mechanisms;
Focuses on the perfection and updating of MOOCs in the later development phases;
iii. Enlarges its influence and obtains more diversified educational resources by promoting Chinese MOOC mode to other areas in the world;
4.3 Assessment of the marketing ability
comprehensive analysis of the market trend,
Based on the analysis of the current major MOOC platforms and the Chinese three major college leagues of independent recruitment, four centers are estimated to become future MOOC centers. Beijing, Shanghai, Pearl River Delta Center, and Chengdu are the four candidates of best potential.
With consideration of the current division structure of Chinese IT (Information
1. The introduction of foreign experience for domestic development: In the light of foreign company-college cooperation mode, develops the independent capability of domestic IT companies to attract greater maket shares.
2. Achieve the goal of enlarging influence from sample to the whole and from top to the bottom:
Domestic top universitis take the leading
Technology) industry and different level of role in seeking cooperation with development varied by regions, universities in different regions; participating schools and companies will apply the principle of “From each
Domestic outstanding universities take the
according to his ability, to teach according leading role of seeking cooperation with to his need”: Sets up region-specific high schools with the potential of the trail network platforms, builds practical software facilities, provides storage,information service and staff development training based on local conditions; also the number of competing companies in the market will be decided according to the assessment of factors above.
5 Marketing Strategy 5. 1 Marketing Plan
opertion of having MOOC courses and running MOOC college-high school credit system;
Starts in several outstanding schools (colleges and high schools) and gradually introduces the mature mechanism to regions around; also sets up corresponding centers and forms distinctive radiation range;
3. Promoting the integration of platforms and diversivication of educational resources:
Enlarges the market by integration and perfection of MOOC platforms to attract larger number of IT companies and cooperative schools;
Discloses most college courses to the public in order to promote the
diversivication of educational resources; also perfects the division of labor of different schools in the MOOC platforms based on the distinguishing academic fields or majors of each school, which aims at maximizing the utility of educational resources on MOOC platforms;
5.2 Planning and development plan Provides educational resources (courses and learning materials) by the institutions of higher learning, with technological
support provided by network companiesin oder to build MOOC platforms and online student archives. Archives should have a backup host in the school’s education sector and government’s networks; the use of archives wil follow the agreement between the government, universities and enterprises agreed. (prohibitted from any
The development plan of MOOC development companies are divided in three parts below:
1. In the intial stage, develops Chinese college-high school MOOC platform, followed by uploading online courses of various field and curriculum, and updating information or new study materials. 2 in the meduium stage, sets up online student archives and develops the academic mentoring systemwhich provides specific advice on students’ academic performance. 2.
3. Develops the derivatives of MOOC, such as MOOC based library, MOOC
based interactive learning multimedia
systems and individual creation of courses. 6.2 Management plan overview
6.1 Consititution of the management team:
School authorities(three): Director of courses recording (one) School Directors Operations Explorer Enterprise Square (5):
CEO (Chief executive officer) similar to the general manager, CEO, president, corporate legal representative.
COO (Chief operating officer) Executive General Manager, COO similar CFO (Chief financial officer) chief financial officer, general manager of similar financial
CTO (Chief technology officer), CTO similar Engineer
Collection and distribution of CIO (Chief information officer), chief information officer in charge of corporate information
A.CEO and school directors make final decision on important affairs about the operation of MOOC platforms.
B. Director of courses recording, CTO, and CIO make decisions on regular construction of MOOC platforms. C. Operations Explorer and CIO, CFO, COO decide on the daily operation and development palns of MOOC platforms. D. In the school, the Director of courses recording regularly reports the working schedule to Operations Explorer; Operations Explorer reports the financial conditions and construction schedule to school directors.
E. Internal party follows the normal mode of operation and management.
7. Research of the developing process 7.1. Source of funding and technology in the early stage of startup
Notes that the budgets in this part of the business plan are calculated based on the formula below with detailed explanations.
The COP formula is:
Fixed costs (FC) + variable costs (VC) divided by number of units = production cost per item
In this case, fixed costs refer to the costs that do not change based on the number of products produced, which includes the rent paid for building, employees’ salaries and utility costs.
a. Source of funding:
1) Government: Provides certain percentage of infrastructure building subsidies
2) MOOC development companies: Take charge of costs of systematic maintenance and courses production; colleges and companies take corresponding responsibility on the basis of mutual commercial agreement b. Source of technology: In the initial stage, foreign MOOC developers are the main provider of MOOC technology and Chinese underwriting companies such as Netease focuses on its promotion. With greater
phases, Chinese colleges and MOOC development companies will be capable of developing MOOC platforms independently
7.2. Utilization of funding, improvement of technologies and their timetable in the early stage of startup a. Improvement of technology
1) Infrastructure building, which primarily focuses on holding online courses;
Estimated Cost of Production Budget:
2) Hardware storage manager needed for building online database of students’ learning experience;
Estimated Cost of Production Budget:
3) Long-term research budgets for academic mentoring system;
Estimated Cost of Production Budget:
4) Research and development expenditures for derivative programs of MOOCs
Estimated Cost of Production Budget:
support financially and strategically in later b. Marketing
1) Development expenditure for cooperation with foreign MOOC platforms and participating colleges; Estimated Cost of Production Budget:
2) Trial operation of promoting MOOC to local high schools (adjacent to the headquarters of the company); Estimated Cost of Production Budget:
3) Enlarging influence by advertising through mass media;
Estimated Cost of Production Budget:
4) Keeping necessary level of cash liquidity by managing flows of capitals,
Estimated Cost of Production Budget:
8. Financial analysis
Note the expected income refers to the net income or net profits.
8.1. Budgets of programs in the early stage (see 7.2. Utilization of funding, improvement of technologies and their timetable in the early stage of startup) 8.2 Estimated income a. Fees of courses;
Expected income: b. Issuing of verification; Expected income:
a. Charges of derivatives of MOOCs; Expected income:
b. Franchise fees for technological sharing; Expected income:
8.3 Distribution and utilization of expected income
a. Construction of MOOC platform and production of courses, Estimated:
b. Development and perfection of other functions of the platform, Estimated:
c. Marketing programs, Estimated:
8.4 Improvement plan of the financial management system
a. Forming an operational college-company financial model with reference to specific commercial agreement; b. Utilizing and perfecting the existing
online payment system; c. Opening discussions with the government on specific financial certification process;
9.Opportunity and Risk
9.1 Feasibility evaluation (advantages and disadvantages)
Assessing advantages:
1. Goes with the tide of global development of MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)
2. Conforms to the current structural reform of Chinese education, noteworthily the reforms of Chinese College Entrance Exam
3. Supports the integration of regional educational resources, fosters academic exchange and furthers educational equality within the country by promoting the educational resource sharing 4. Strengthens the links between
Chinese senior high schools and colleges by reforming traditionally disparate learning methods between these two institutions, advancing senior high school’s sense of recognition of college majors and their ability to undertake college courses
5. Reforms traditional teaching ideals and patterns of teachers, thus promotes educational innovation and modernization through advancing teachers’ informatization skills
6. Market potentials as analyzed in the earlier parts. (See for reference)
Assessing disadvantages:
1. Regional educational development discrepancies and different levels of promotion of MOOCs among senior high school students may exacerbate current educational inequality between regions. And
relatively low-income individuals may lack the capability to afford computers or other necessary equipments to access to MOOC platforms, meanwhile, schools in impoverished areas may be exposed to instable network connection due to financial dilemmas. To tackle these problems, it requires the government to make feasible, region-specific or community-specific arrangement of resources input and planned performance in the process of formulating plans for the informatization of education.
2. Putting the Chinese senior high school-college MOOC credit system into practice may encounter difficulties including realizing absolute equality, as technological barriers remain to eliminate all forms of plagiarism. 3. Over internationalization of education may on the other hand stifle the continuation and
development of Chinese traditional culture
4. Obstruction in the promotion may include the following aspects:
a. Uneven qualities of different MOOCs
b. Possible repetitive use of educational resources in MOOC platforms
c. High cost of traditional agents of network
d. Technological barriers
e. Inadequate social awareness and accepetance
5. Personalized online learning experience requires innovation in relevant technologies
6. Pure online learning may lead to inadequate moral education for senior high schools adolescents and impair their social functioning with lack of face-to-face communication.
Conclusion:
With thorough consideration about the
opportunity and risks of this business, we
draw the final conclusion that by actively its potential losses. As analyzed in the earlier parts of this business plan, this business will introduce a new level of quality in Chinese education, particularly in advancing the links between senior high schools and colleges. And it is estimated to become a world-known brand over the promoting MOOCs in Chinese senior high next ten years.
schools, its estimated benefits far outweigh
References.
[1]Lori Breslow, David E. Pritchard, Jennifer DeBoer, Glenda S. Stump, Andrew D. Ho, Daniel T. Seaton - Studying Learning in the Worldwide Classroom Research into edX’s First MOOC. Research & Practice in assessment, Vol-8, Summer 20xx.
[2]Veronica Diaz, Malcolm Brown, Stephen Pelletier -Learning and the Massive Open Online Course, Educase - A Report on the ELI Focus Session, May 20xx.
[3]Jiahua Wang, Jing Wang - MOOC- and its value of a gloabalizing education system to China. Accenture.
[4]Uwe Brandenburg, Jiani Zhu - Higher Education in China in the light of massification and demographic change. Arbeitspapier Nr. 97 ,Oct, 20xx.
[5]Xin Chen, Deborah R. Barnett, and Casheena Stephens- Fad or Future: The
Advantages and Challenges of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) September, 20xx.
[6]Brynn Zuccaro – The Small Business Online Marketing Guide, Tips + Advice to Grow Your
Business Through Online Marketing.
[7]Rieva Lesonsky - The Entrepreneur’s Guide to Doing Business Online. Entrepreneur magazine.
[8]Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan (20xx-20__) Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 20xx.
[9] The Ten Hot Spots in Chinese High School Education 20xx. Journal of High School Education – New years special vol 7, December 20xx.
[10]Quick educational news(jiao xue kuai xun) Vol,212. Zhejiang University Senateof Academic Affairs. June, 20xx.
[11]Fourth Summit of Famous Secondary School Principals, May 20xx, China Education Daily.
[12]Zhang Xiuping - The Combination of Traditional Teaching Method and Problem Based
Learning The China Papers, Vol. 1, October 20xx
[13]Email chat with co-school director of Shanghai Tsinghua University.
计划书英文范文 篇8
Your business plan is very often the first impression potential investors get about your venture.
But even if you have a great product, team, and customers, it could also be the last impression the investor gets if you make any of these avoidable mistakes.
INVESTORS see thousands of business plans each year, even in this down market.
Apart from a referral from a trusted source, the business plan is the only basis they have for deciding whether or not to invite an entrepreneur to their offices for an initial meeting.
With so many opportunities, most investors simply focus on finding reasons to say no.
They reason that entrepreneurs who know what they are doing will not make fundamental mistakes.
Every mistake counts against you.
This article shows you how to avoid the most common errors found in business plans.
Content Mistakes
Failing to relate to a true pain
Pain comes in many flavors: my computer network keeps crashing; my accounts receivable cycle is too long; existing treatments for a medical condition are ineffective; my tax returns are too hard to prepare.
Businesses and consumers pay good money to make pain go away.
You are in business to get paid for making pain go away.
Pain, in this setting, is synonymous with market opportunity.
The greater the pain, the more widespread the pain, and the better your product is at alleviating the pain, the greater your market potential.
A well written business plan places the solution firmly in the context of the problem being solved.
Value inflation
Phrases like "unparalleled in the industry;" "unique and limited opportunity;" or "superb returns with limited capital investment" – taken from actual documents – are nothing but assertions and hype.
Investors will judge these factors for themselves.
Lay out the facts – the problem, your solution, the market size, how you will sell it, and how you will stay ahead of competitors – and lay off the hype.
Trying to be all things to all people
Many early-stage companies believe that more is better.
They explain how their product can be applied to multiple, very different markets, or they devise a complex suite of products to bring to a market.
Most investors prefer to see a more focused strategy, especially for very early stage companies: a single, superior product that solves a troublesome problem in a single, large market that will be sold through a single, proven distribution strategy.
That is not to say that additional products, applications, markets, and distribution channels should be discarded – instead, they should be used to enrich and support the highly focused core strategy.
You need to hold the story together with a strong, compelling core thread.
Identify that, and let the rest be supporting characters.
No go-to-market strategy
Business plans that fail to explain the sales, marketing, and distribution strategy are doomed.
The key questions that must be answered are: who will buy it, why, and most importantly, how will you get it to them?
You must explain how you have already generated customer interest, obtained pre-orders, or better yet, made actual sales – and describe how you will leverage this experience through a cost-effective go-to-market strategy.
"We have no competition"
No matter what you may think, you have competitors.
Maybe not a direct competitor – in the sense of a company offering an identical solution – but at least a substitute.
Fingers are a substitute for a spoon.
First class mail is a substitute for e-mail.
A coronary bypass is a substitute for an angioplasty.
Competitors, simply stated, consist of everybody pursuing the same customer dollars.
To say that you have no competition is one of the fastest ways you can get your plan tossed – investors will conclude that you do not have a full understanding of your market.
The "Competition" section of your business plan is your opportunity to showcase your relative strengths against direct competitors, indirect competitors, and substitutes.
Besides, having competitors is a good thing.
It shows investors that a real market exists.
Too long
Investors are very busy, and do not have the time to read long business plans.
They also favor entrepreneurs who demonstrate the ability to convey the most important elements of a complex idea with an economy of words.
An ideal executive summary is no more than 1-3 pages.
An ideal business plan is 20-30 pages (and most investors prefer the lower end of this range).
Remember, the primary purpose of a fund-raising business plan is to motivate the investor to pick up the phone and invite you to an in-person meeting.
It is not intended to describe every last detail.
Document the details elsewhere: in your operating plan, R&D plan, marketing plan, white papers, etc.
Too technical
Business plans – especially those authored by people with scientific backgrounds – are often packed with too many technical details and scientific jargon.
Initially, investors are interested in your technology only in terms of how it:
solves a really big problem that people will pay for;
is significantly better than competing solutions;
can be protected through patents or other means; and
can be implemented on a reason-able budget.
All of these questions can be answered without a highly technical discussion of how your product works.
The details will be reviewed by experts during the due diligence process.
Keep the business plan simple.
Document the technical details in separate white papers.
No risk analysis
Investors are in the business of balancing risks versus rewards.
Some of the first things they want to know are what are the risks inherent in your business, and what has been done to mitigate these risks.
The key risks of entrepreneurial ventures include:
Market risks: Will people actually buy what you have to sell? Will you need to create a major change in consumer behavior?
Technology risks: Can you actually deliver what you say you can? On budget and on time?
Operational risks: What can go wrong in the day-to-day operations of the company? What can go wrong with manufacturing and customer support?
Management risks: Can you attract and retain the right team? Can your team actually pull this off? Are you prepared to step aside and let somebody else take over if necessary?
Legal risks: Is your intellectual property truly protected? Are you infringing on another company's patents? If your solution does not work, can you limit your liability?
This is, of course, just a partial list of risks.
Even though you may feel that the risks are negligible, potential investors will feel otherwise unless you demonstrate that you have given a lot of thought to what can go wrong and have taken prudent steps to mitigate these risks.
Poorly organized
Your idea should flow in a nice, organized fashion.
Each section should build logically on the previous section, without requiring the reader to know something that is presented later in the plan.
Although there is no single "correct" business plan structure, one successful structure is as follows:
Executive Summary: This is a brief, 1 to 3 page summary of everything that follows in the plan.
It should be a stand-alone document, as many readers will make their initial decision based on the executive summary alone.
This should usually be written last; otherwise, you have nothing to summarize!
Background: If you are in a highly specialized field, you should provide some background in layman terms since most investors will not have advanced degrees in your field.
Market Opportunity: Describe how businesses and consumers are suffering, and how much they are willing to pay for a solution.
Products or Services: Describe what you do, and how your solution fits into the market opportunity.
Market Traction: Describe how you have succeeded in attracting customers, marketing and distribution partnerships, and other alliances that demonstrate that experts in your market are betting on your solution.
Competitive Analysis: Identify your direct and indirect competitors, and describe how your solution is better.
Distribution and Marketing Strategy: Describe how you will go to market, how you will price your products, etc.
Risk Analysis: Identify major sources of risks, and describe how you are mitigating them.
Milestones: Showcase a strong past track record, and describe key checkpoints for the future.
Company and Management: Provide the basic facts about your company – where and when you incorporated, where you are located, and brief biographies of your core team.
Financials: Provide summaries of your P&L and cash flows, and the assumptions used to come up with these.
Also describe your funding needs, how you will use the proceeds, and possible exit strategies for investors.
As stated earlier, there is no "right" structure – you will need to experiment to find the one that best suits your business.
Your business plan is very often the first impression potential investors get about your venture.
But even if you have a great product, team, and customers, it could also be the last impression the investor gets if you make any of these avoidable mistakes.
Financial Model Mistakes
Forgetting Cash
Revenues are not cash.
Gross margins are not cash.
Profits are not cash.
Only cash is cash.
For example, suppose you sell something this month for $100, and it cost you $60 to make it.
But you have to pay your suppliers within 30 days, while the buyer probably won't pay you for at least 60 days.
In this case, your revenue for the month was $100, your profit for the month was $40, and your cash flow for the month was zero.
Your cash flow for the transaction will be negative $60 next month when you pay your suppliers.
Although this example may seem trivial, very slight changes in the timing difference between cash receipt and disbursement – just a couple of weeks – can bankrupt your business.
When you build your financial model, make sure that your assumptions are realistic so that you raise sufficient capital.
Lack of Detail
Your financials should be constructed from the bottom-up, and then validated from the top-down.
A bottom-up model starts with details such as when you expect to make certain sales, or when you expect to hire specific employees.
Top-down validation means that you examine your overall market potential and compare that to the bottom-up revenue projections.
Round numbers – like one million in R&D expenses in Year 2, and two million in Year 3 – are a sure sign that you do not have a bottom-up model.
Unrealistic financials
Only a very small handfull of companies achieve $100 million or more in sales only five years after founding.
Projecting much more than that will not be credible, and will get your business plan canned faster than almost anything else.
On the other hand, a business with only $25 million in revenues after five years will be too small to interest serious investors.
Financial forecasts are a litmus test of your understanding of how venture capitalists think.
If you have a realistic basis for projecting $50-100 million in Year 5, you are probably a good candidate for venture financing.
Otherwise, you should probably look elsewhere.
Insufficient financial projections
Basic financial projections consist of three fundamental elements: Income Statements, Balance Sheets, and Cash Flow Statements.
All of these must conform to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP.
Investors generally expect to see five years of projections.
Of course, nobody can see five years into the future.
Investors primarily want to see the thought process you employ to create long-term projections.
A good financial model will also include sensitivity analyses, showing how your projected results will change if your assumptions turn out to be incorrect.
This allows both you and the investor to identify the assumptions that can have a material effect on your future performance, so that you can focus your energies on validating those assumptions.
They should also include benchmark comparisons to other companies in your industry – things like revenues per employee, gross margin per employee, gross margin as a percentage of revenues, and various expense ratios (general and administrative, sales and marketing, research and development, and operations as a percentage of total operating expenses).
Conservative assumptions
Nobody ever believes that assumptions are conservative, even if they truly are.
Develop realistic assumptions that you can support, refrain from using the words "conservative" or "aggressive" in your plan, and leave it at that.
Offering a valuation
Many business plans err by stating that their company is worth a certain amount.
How do you know? The value of a company is determined by the market – by what others are willing to pay – and unless you are in the business of buying, selling, or investing in companies, you probably don't have an acute sense of what the market will bear.
If you name a price, one of two things can happen: (a) your price is too high, and investors will toss your plan; or (b) your price is too low, and investors will take advantage of you.
Both are bad.
The purpose of the business plan is to tell your story in the most compelling manner possible so that investors will want to go to the next step.
You can always negotiate the price later.
Stylistic Mistakes
Poor spelling and grammar
If you make silly mistakes in your business plan, what does that say about how you run your business?
Use your spelling and grammar checkers, get other people to edit the plan, do whatever it takes to purge embarrassing errors.
Too repetitive
All too often, a plan covers the same points over and over.
A well-written plan should cover key points only twice: once, briefly, in the executive summary, and again, in greater detail, in the body of the plan.
Appearance matters
At any point in time, an investor has dozens if not hundreds of plans waiting to be read.
Get to the top of the pile by making sure that the cover is attractive, the binding is professional, the pages are well laid out, and the fonts are large enough to be easily read.
On the other hand, don't go too far – you don't want to give the impression that you are all style and no substance.
Execution Mistakes
Waiting until too late
The capital formation process takes a long time.
In general, count on 6 months to a year from the time you start writing the plan until the time the money is in the bank.
Don't put it off.
Your management team should be prepared to invest about 500 hours into the plan.
If you are too busy building your product, company, or customers (which is arguably a better use of your time), consider outsourcing the development of the business plan.
Failing to seek outside review
Make sure that you have at least a few people review your plan before you send it out – preferably people who understand your market, sales and distribution strategies, the VC market, etc.
Your plan may look perfect to you and your team, but that's probably because you've been staring at it for months.
Good, objective reviews from outsiders with a fresh perspective can save you from myopia.
Overtweaking
You could spend countless hours tweaking your plan in the pursuit of perfection.
A lot of this time would be better spent working on your product, company, and customers.
At some point, you need to pull the trigger and get the plan out in front of a few investors.
If the reaction is positive, and they want to move forward, great.
If the reaction is negative (assuming that the investor was a good fit to begin with), then you may have been heading down the wrong path.
Get feedback from a couple of investors, and if a general consensus emerges, go back and refine your plan.
Conclusion
It's a tough investment climate, but good ideas backed by good teams and good business plans are still getting funded.
Give yourself the best possible chance by avoiding these simple mistakes.
计划书英文范文 篇9
20xxin marketing plans ,
Work on a priority in the past year, i'm a joint efforts, the market development work was crowned with a result, their market shares and profits Contribute to higher performance indicators for the new product line with the red.
but in marketing, and there
are some problems that need in this year's work to improve and perfect.
the marketing department last year in accordance with market developments and achievements of the rival's sale, and sketched the objective Below 40% to be grazing：market share of profits reached a new product Contribute to higher x%.
income tax on profits Contribute to higher goods to x%.
second, support and supplement the work to make up for a year's work, and to better accomplish the objectives, should do well in the following work ( A) unity in thinking and clearly define responsibilities marketing plan on january 4, 10～organization job skill training, the main purpose is to be grazing：the marketing staff clear in the market strategies, thinking and understanding ;
ii let the market Things more from the office of the functions of the free and marketing strategy planning and strategy to develop and market research and development of the basic functions such as posts in consumer demand ; history3 set up for market development, and reduce the need to (B)
( Two )In place marketing, to the market in this year will start the batch and in phases to a Marketing keyIn place, so close to the market, a better finish the job market.
the marketing department personnel to perform the following work：
( 1 ) through comprehensive research and market order and pertinently bring out the market promotion scheme ;
( agent to collect 2 ) competitive price of goods and information, and capture markets consumption demand with the industry development trend of the proposed ( Three ) guidance to the standardized construction market and promoting the healthy and steady development ;
( four ) pertinently formulated and the implementation of the product promotion plan for market promotion, and policies for use with the implementation of the verification and found to be communicated promptly.
( five ) on-time and comprehensive publicity and implementation of the company policy to promote a person's capacity ; ( six ) in the market practice and collation Best cases, the method to sum up experience and recommend Three .
full members and to improve the organization as the business of the marketing staff, obviously is overloaded, in a year later in the work efficiency is, therefore, this year's marketing plan to increase the manning of the following posts ( meet the demand.
the marketing schedule ) staff post the name of the members of the main contents of the requirements demand work when the sale of three ~ six Three, the schedule
1 .promote brands corporate brand after years of operation of the market, with a certain competitive advantage and for the swift expansion of our products' market share and to get a product brands development, and we will be in the company's development strategy for the core, from the brand image and product markets construction, location, network marketing four aspects of the planning system
brand promotion strategy.
the brand image (1 ) ( 2 ) product is passed down if Competitive price.
for example, our "apple" brand positioning is the top end of the consumers, on the price must be able to demonstrate its distinctive "identity" ; "apple" brand positioning is the needs of wage earners in the price to more than the same price advantage.
2 .of sales network sales channels construction is i, too, are we with the other competitors in the competitive advantage and for many years of operation of the market, we have established a line from city to a sales network The second line city, my sales a terminal have increasingly can't meet the needs and improved from three to the countryside to cities Dense the sales network in the marketing department this year will be the main objectives.
Three .marketing ( one) actively using internal promotion and recruitment web site of the enterprises and brand.
( two ) in the national expertise in newspapers and magazines and tv media published advertisements and soft, the expansion of brand recognition.
( three ) an active part in major industry sectors of national conferences, exhibitions, social commonweal activities and as dealers organised various forms of lectures, to promote products such meetings and publicity to show the company and products.
( four ) use of various forms and the Four, progress in the marketing department for the work of the content of the work schedule 1 as follows.
specific .the first quarter of the work of the first quarter of the work schedule.
one：sure this year's publicity strategy: two：with the market work out a plan of action for three：satisfy the market and customers records building four：put up at the conference completed six：ago the design plan seven：planning to launch the activities of the prizes Seven：planning to launch the activities of the prizes .
The second quarterly progress Second: one：planning to launch promotion activities.
The second quarter ; series of promotional activities carried out two Three .
the third quarter of our work on september one july and august work：the publicity plans for the implementation of two：pop up and strengthening propaganda and three：summer marketing activities in the fourth quarter to four .
progress of work on october one november december：two promotion for the implementation of two calendar：and yearbooks and issued three：the completion of the target market ago advertising efforts of the work done in four：summary The above are my plans.
thank you in 20xx in marketing
Lingda 20xx in january 3